EU VAT Rates 2025: Standard & Reduced by Country
2026-01-15
VAT (Value Added Tax) is baked into almost every price you see in Europe. The standard rate applies to most goods; a reduced rate applies to essentials like food, books and medicine. Rates differ by country.
2025 standard VAT rates (selected)
| Country | Standard | Reduced |
|---|---|---|
| 🇩🇪 Germany | 19% | 7% |
| 🇫🇷 France | 20% | 5.5% |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | 22% | 10% |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | 21% | 10% |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 21% | 9% |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | 23% | 13.5% |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | 23% | 13% |
| 🇸🇪 Sweden | 25% | 12% |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | 25.5% | 14% |
| 🇬🇧 United Kingdom | 20% | 5% |
For the full list including Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Poland and more, see VAT & tax by country.
Add or remove VAT instantly
Don't do the maths by hand. The EU VAT Calculator adds VAT to a net price or strips it from a gross one, using each country's real 2025 rate.
Why the rate matters to you
If you run a small business, sell cross-border, or just want to understand a receipt, the rate changes the final price by up to 5 percentage points between neighbours. Knowing it stops you from overpaying and helps with cross-country price comparisons.